COURSE XIV: Bone and Mineral Homeostasis

This lesson dives deep into the physiology and biochemistry of mineral homeostasis – how does the body keep the bones strong and the soft tissues free from calcification, while maintaining the blood pH and electrolyte balance? We start by looking at the anatomical structure and cellular physiology of bone and its remodelling. Attention is then turned to the hormones and vitamins involved in the intricate feedback mechanisms of mineral homeostasis: Parathyroid Hormone (PTH), Calcitonin, Vitamin D, Vitamin K, Vitamin A, and Osteocalcin. We look at the pathways and synergy of these different elements and consider those factors that disrupt balance. Attention is then turned to clinical and laboratory assessment and finally, strategies to help support the mineral health of the whole.